The Science Behind PBM
Photobiomodulation, commonly known as PBM, uses specific wavelengths of red and near-infrared light to interact with biological tissues.
Published research has explored how PBM may influence cellular energy processes, exercise recovery, joint comfort, circulation, and other areas of general wellness.
TABREAK products use red and near-infrared light as part of an accessible at-home wellness routine. The studies referenced below are provided to help customers learn more about the broader field of photobiomodulation.
How Photobiomodulation Works
Red and near-infrared light can penetrate the skin and reach underlying tissues at different depths.
Research suggests that light may interact with cellular components, including cytochrome c oxidase within the mitochondria. This interaction has been proposed as one mechanism through which PBM may influence mitochondrial activity, cellular signaling, and energy production.
Scientific understanding continues to develop, and outcomes may vary depending on factors such as wavelength, dose, treatment duration, application method, and individual condition.
Areas of Research
Cellular Energy and Mitochondrial Function
Mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate, commonly known as ATP, which cells use as a source of energy.
Published research has examined whether red and near-infrared light may interact with mitochondrial chromophores and influence cellular energy-related signaling. Researchers continue to study the exact mechanisms, appropriate dosing, and differences between healthy and stressed tissues.
Featured Research
Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation.
A scientific review discussing proposed mitochondrial mechanisms involved in photobiomodulation, including cytochrome c oxidase, mitochondrial membrane potential, nitric oxide signaling, and redox responses.
Muscle Performance and Recovery
Photobiomodulation has been studied before and after exercise for its potential effects on muscular performance, fatigue, and recovery.
Some systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported favorable results for selected outcomes. However, researchers have also noted considerable differences among study protocols, participant groups, wavelengths, treatment timing, and energy doses.
Featured Research
Photobiomodulation Therapy for Muscular Performance and Exercise-Related Fatigue.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated randomized trials involving healthy participants. The authors reported some favorable findings but emphasized variability in study quality and treatment parameters.
Joint Comfort and Mobility
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been extensively investigated as a non-invasive approach to support joint comfort, mobility, and physical function. Recent clinical studies and review articles suggest that PBM may help modulate inflammatory responses, support cellular energy production, and improve selected pain- and function-related outcomes when appropriate treatment parameters are used. Evidence continues to evolve, and ongoing research is focused on optimizing treatment protocols and understanding the underlying biological mechanisms.
📄 Featured Clinical Study
Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation in Reducing Pain and Disability in Knee Osteoarthritis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated placebo-controlled trials. The findings suggested potential benefits for selected outcomes, while also emphasizing the need for stronger and more standardized clinical evidence.
🔬Latest Scientific Review
Effects of Photobiomodulation on Osteoarthritis: From In Vivo and In Vitro Studies
Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Year: 2025
Study Type: Narrative Review
This 2025 review summarizes recent laboratory and preclinical evidence suggesting that PBM may influence inflammatory signaling, cartilage metabolism, and mitochondrial activity. The authors conclude that these biological mechanisms are promising, but additional high-quality clinical studies are needed before definitive therapeutic conclusions can be drawn.
Circulation and Nitric Oxide Signaling
Photobiomodulation research has also examined nitric oxide signaling, vascular responses, and circulation-related biological processes.
Proposed mechanisms include the release of nitric oxide from cellular binding sites and downstream effects on cellular signaling. Research in this area remains developing, and findings should not be interpreted as evidence that a consumer wellness product treats cardiovascular disease.
Featured Research
Photobiomodulation in Cardiovascular Research.
This review discusses proposed molecular mechanisms and possible cardiovascular applications of PBM. It also emphasizes the need for further investigation and validation of clinical effects.
Understanding the Research
Results May Vary
Photobiomodulation research uses a wide range of devices, wavelengths, power levels, treatment durations, energy doses, and application methods.
Results from one clinical study cannot automatically be applied to every red light device or every person.
Research Is Still Developing
Although PBM has been studied for decades, scientific understanding continues to evolve. Some studies report promising findings, while others show limited, inconsistent, or context-dependent results.
Product Specifications Matter
Research outcomes may depend on:
- Wavelength
- Irradiance
- Energy dose
- Treatment duration
- Distance from the body
- Treatment frequency
- Target tissue
- Individual characteristics
Our Approach to Responsible Wellness
TABREAK is committed to presenting research clearly and responsibly.
We do not claim that the research listed on this page proves that TABREAK products diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any medical condition. We encourage customers to review the original publications and consult a qualified healthcare professional when making decisions about their health.
Research Disclaimer
The studies and publications referenced on this page are provided for educational and informational purposes only. They discuss the broader field of photobiomodulation and may involve devices, treatment parameters, populations, and conditions that differ from TABREAK products and their intended use. Inclusion of a study does not mean that TABREAK sponsored, participated in, or reproduced its findings. TABREAK products are intended to support general wellness and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Individual results may vary. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before use if you have a medical condition, are pregnant, take photosensitizing medication, or have concerns about whether red or near-infrared light is appropriate for you.